You can do just about anything you can think of.
If you want the killing player's team to get the upgrade then you would use what's called a Player Group:
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Events
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Unit - YourUnit Dies
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Conditions
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Actions
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Trigger - Turn off (This trigger)
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Player Group - Pick every player in (All allies of (Owner of (Killing unit)).) and do (Actions)
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Loop - Actions
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Player - Set the current research level of Damage Boost to 1 for (Picked player)
This runs all of the Actions in the
Loop - Actions section ONCE for each player in your Player Group.
In this case your Player Group is -->
All allies of (Owner of (Killing unit)).
To reference these Players you use the
(Picked player) function.
So in your case, assuming Player 1 killed the unit and his allies are Players 2, 3, 4, and 5, this would happen:
Player 1 gets set to the (Picked player) and then their Damage Boost upgrade gets set to level 1.
Player 2 gets set to the (Picked player) and then their Damage Boost upgrade gets set to level 1.
Player 3 gets set to the (Picked player) and then their Damage Boost upgrade gets set to level 1.
Player 4 gets set to the (Picked player) and then their Damage Boost upgrade gets set to level 1.
Player 5 gets set to the (Picked player) and then their Damage Boost upgrade gets set to level 1.