A negative vampiric aura that affects enemies would make the enemies effected take damage whenever they attacked anything as long as they were in range of your aura. Even if the unit they are attacking isn't in range of your aura.
Thorns aura would make enemies take damage whenever they attacked a unit in range of the aura. It wouldn't matter if the enemies were out of range, they would still take damage from the aura as long as the ally they attack IS in range.
Practically speaking, there's not too much difference there. The biggest difference would honestly be what Solu said: Units under the effect of the a negative vampiric aura wouldn't take damage when they attacked mechanical units.