AOS -> maps where two or more teams fight against each other, every player can choose one hero and fight, all the other units are controled by AI. I think AOS refers to Aeon of Six Gods, the first AOS map I knew. But I'm not sure.
TD -> Tower Defence. A map where the players must build towers to defeat waves of attacking units, like the blood-elf-cpn bonus-map by Blizzard
RotD -> Return of the Dragons, Darky's cpn
DotA -> someone help, never played a DotA-map