Armour types exist -> Examples: Light, Psionic, Biological. In the editor they're listed as "Attributes."
Weapon types don't exist, but like the guy before me said, weapons can have and "Attribute Bonus", which means that it does more damage to certain attributes. -> Example: Marauders' "Concussive Grenades" do +10 to armored.
So I guess the way it works now is that each weapon is its own weapon type.